An underbite, also known as a reverse overjet or Class III malocclusion, is a condition where the lower front teeth protrude in front of the upper front teeth. This is one of the common malocclusions, affecting both facial aesthetics and chewing function. Understanding the severity of an underbite is the first important step in finding an effective underbite treatment method.
This article from My Auris will help you better understand the types of malocclusions, specifically underbites, and how they are classified. Grasping this information will help you proactively choose the appropriate treatment type, thereby achieving your desired aesthetic orthodontic results.
Classification of Underbites by Complexity Level
An underbite can lead to many consequences, including difficulty chewing certain foods, affecting speech, and even being associated with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ disorders). Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are essential. An orthodontist will accurately assess your condition and recommend the most suitable treatment method.
Mild Level
At the mild level, the discrepancy between the lower front teeth and the upper front teeth is not overly significant. The lower front teeth protrude only slightly, not yet significantly affecting aesthetics and function. In many cases, intervention with braces for a relatively short period can achieve the desired results. Some mild cases can even be treated simply with brackets and archwires to adjust tooth positions.
Moderate Level
At the moderate level, the lower front teeth protrude more noticeably than in mild cases. This discrepancy has begun to significantly affect facial aesthetics. Chewing function may also be impacted, causing difficulty in masticating certain types of food. Treatment methods at this level are often more complex, potentially requiring a combination of various orthodontic techniques, including the use of advanced braces and other auxiliary devices. The treatment duration also extends beyond that of mild cases.
Severe Level
At the severe level, the discrepancy between the lower front teeth and the upper front teeth is very significant. Beyond aesthetics, chewing function is severely impacted, causing daily difficulties. This type of case may require a combination of braces with orthognathic surgery to achieve optimal results. The jawbone needs to be surgically repositioned to allow for proper tooth alignment. The treatment duration will be much longer than the previous two levels and demands great patience and strict adherence from the patient.
Advanced Technology in Underbite Diagnosis
Fortunately, modern technology has brought accurate and advanced diagnostic methods, helping orthodontists create the most suitable treatment plan for each specific case.
3D Imaging Technology: Instead of relying solely on traditional two-dimensional images, 3D imaging technology like CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) provides detailed three-dimensional images of the teeth, jawbones, and surrounding structures. This allows orthodontists to accurately assess the position and eruption direction of teeth, the condition of the jawbone, detect potential issues early, and create a more precise treatment plan, especially in complex cases requiring orthognathic surgery.
Bite Analysis Software: After obtaining 3D imaging data, modern bite analysis software is used to accurately measure parameters regarding tooth position, angulation, and the misalignment of the upper and lower jaws.
Digital Scanners: Digital scanner technology helps create highly accurate dental models, replacing traditional plaster impressions. This process is faster, more precise, and provides greater comfort for patients, reducing the discomfort associated with traditional impressions.
3D Simulation and 3D Printing: 3D printing technology allows for the creation of 3D models of teeth and jawbones from 3D imaging data. This helps the orthodontist more clearly visualize the bite condition and simulate the treatment process, accurately predicting the final outcome.
Underbite Braces Treatment Roadmap by Stage
The most effective underbite treatment method currently is braces, with a roadmap divided into specific stages:
Stage 1 (0-6 months): Examination and Preparation
This stage focuses on a comprehensive evaluation of the oral condition. The orthodontist will perform X-rays, take dental impressions, and thoroughly analyze tooth positions, jawbones, and the bite condition. Based on the results, the doctor will propose a specific treatment plan, including the type of braces, archwires, and estimated duration.
Stage 2 (6-18 months): Tooth Alignment and Bite Correction
This is the main stage of the orthodontic process, focusing on moving teeth to their desired positions. The orthodontist will adjust the braces and archwires periodically, usually every 4-6 weeks. During this time, you might experience some discomfort and mild soreness for a few days after each adjustment. However, this feeling will gradually subside. Diet needs to be emphasized; soft, easy-to-chew foods are recommended during this stage.
Stage 3 (18-24 months): Completion and Retention
Once the teeth have been properly aligned, this stage focuses on stabilizing and maintaining the results. The orthodontist will use retainers or aligners to hold the teeth in their new positions for a certain period, typically 6-12 months. This period helps the jawbone adapt to the teeth’s new positions, ensuring the bite is maintained long-term. Strict oral hygiene practices must still be maintained.
Special Solutions for Different Underbite Patient Groups
Underbite treatment is not merely about achieving straight teeth and a balanced jaw; it also improves overall oral health, boosts confidence in smiling, and enhances quality of life. However, the treatment approach will vary depending on the severity, bite condition, tooth position, jawbone structure, and especially age:
Children (5-12 years old)
During this stage, the jawbone is still developing, making it a golden opportunity for tooth alignment and bite correction. The process of getting braces for children typically lasts from 18 to 36 months, depending on the complexity of the case. The appropriate types of braces for underbites in children need to be evaluated by a professional orthodontist.
It is crucial for parents to take their children for regular dental check-ups to detect early oral health issues, including underbites, facilitating timely and effective intervention. Not getting braces at a young age can lead to more serious problems later on. The combination of aesthetic orthodontics and treatment will yield the best results.
Adolescents (13-20 years old)
At this age, jawbone development is nearly complete, but there is still a possibility for adjustment. Orthodontic methods for adolescents are similar to those for children, but the treatment duration may be shorter or longer depending on the severity of the malocclusion. Overbites, underbites, gaps between teeth, or crooked teeth can all be effectively treated at this age.
Adults (>20 years old)
For adults, the jawbones are fully developed, so underbite treatment can be more complex and require more time compared to children and adolescents. However, this does not mean that treatment is impossible. Adult braces still yield high effectiveness, helping to improve facial aesthetics and chewing function.
In-depth Questions about Underbite Braces
Can Braces Improve Underbites Caused by Jawbone Issues?
Many people worry that underbites caused by jawbone issues will be difficult to treat with braces. In reality, the potential for improvement depends on the severity of the underbite and the patient’s age. For mild to moderate underbites primarily due to tooth misalignment, braces often yield very good results. However, for severe cases, especially when abnormal jawbone development is involved, treatment may combine both braces and orthognathic surgery.
Why Do Some Cases Require Elastics for Bite Correction?
During underbite braces treatment, the use of orthodontic elastics for bite correction is often essential in some cases. These elastics apply gentle force, helping to move teeth and jawbones into their correct positions. Wearing elastics helps adjust the position of the lower front teeth that protrude in front of the upper front teeth, thereby achieving a balanced jaw, straight teeth, and an accurate bite.
Is Underbite Braces Treatment Painful, and How Can Pain Be Reduced?
Discomfort and mild soreness are normal in the first few days after getting braces or having them tightened. However, the pain level is usually mild and gradually subsides after a few days. To reduce pain, you can use pain relievers as directed by your dentist, apply ice packs to the sore cheek area, eat soft foods, and maintain good oral hygiene. Careful oral care will help the bracing process proceed smoothly and minimize complications.
How to Care for Teeth During Underbite Braces Treatment to Shorten Treatment Duration
Proper oral hygiene is a crucial factor in shortening braces treatment time and preventing complications. You need to:
Thorough oral cleaning: Use a soft toothbrush, dental floss, and specialized mouthwash to clean your teeth, brackets, and archwires. Focus on cleaning between teeth and around the brackets.
Appropriate diet: Avoid eating hard, chewy, or sticky foods that could break or loosen your braces.
Regular check-ups: Attend scheduled appointments with your orthodontist to check the condition of your teeth and adjust your braces. This ensures the bracing process proceeds accurately and effectively.
Report any issues to your doctor: If you encounter any problems such as pain, a loose bracket, or a broken archwire, contact your orthodontist immediately for assistance.
